Concrete Calculator

Composition of Concrete

Concrete is made up of a mix of coarse aggregates — particulate elements like sand, gravel, crushed stone, and slag — all held together by cement. Cement acts as a binding agent, adhering to these aggregates and then solidifying over time. Notably, Portland cement stands out as the most widely used form of cement, playing a pivotal role in the making of concrete, mortar, and plasters.

Forms and Mixing

Concrete is available in various forms, such as 60 or 80-pound bags, or in bulk quantities delivered by specialized concrete mixer trucks. The key to robust and uniform concrete lies in the right mixing process. This involves the combination of water, aggregate, cement, and any chosen additives. Given its time-sensitive nature, it's crucial to place the concrete before it sets, as it is usually prepped in a fluid-like viscous state. Some concretes are even tailored to set faster for tasks that demand a quick set time. On the other hand, in certain industrial environments, drier concrete mixes are used to produce precast concrete items like concrete walls.

Curing: The Hardening Process

Once poured and in place, the concrete undergoes a process known as curing to harden. This is a gradual procedure, with concrete generally taking around a month to achieve over 90% of its eventual strength. However, the fortification can proceed for up to three years. Maintaining the concrete's moisture can amplify its strength during the initial curing stages. Techniques to ensure this include using compounds that form a water-retaining film on the concrete or 'ponding', where the concrete is submerged in water and encased in plastic.